Thursday, February 25, 2010

Financial Policy Recommendations

Choose monetary policies that maximize overall ethical benefits.

Prohibit the issuance of state and federal waivers for health, labor, safety, and financial regulations, except when those waivers have been approved by majorities of relevant legislatures or voters.

Require all lenders to obtain, directly from the IRS, the prior three years tax transcripts for loan applicants on loans exceeding $24,000. Require transcript communication by non-forgeable methods. Repeal laws that prohibit lenders from obtaining those transcripts.

Require regulators to take a daily oath to regulate according to the law. Fire and replace regulators who refuse to regulate according to law. End all FBI, regulator, and other law enforcement partnerships with lobbyists, financiers, and corporations.

Make executives and proprietors criminally liable for repeated wage theft.

Require mandatory credit counseling before individuals declare bankruptcy. Require individuals with larger incomes and larger assets to repay more of what they owe when filing for bankruptcy.

Per Peter Swire and as Daniel Prieto notes: institute "a $50 cap and automatic dispute resolution for identity theft losses, similar to the basic anti-fraud provisions for credit cards."

Centralize federal financial regulators and regulations in one agency under control of an elected attorney general, with oversight by the House to prevent corruption driven hiring and firing. At least triple the number of financial regulators and investigators.

Limit financial institutions to thirteen-to-one leverage ratios in bad times and eight-to-one ratios in good times.

Require regulations applying to one financial instrument to apply to all similar instruments, regardless whether labels differ. Create new transparency rules.

Turn government-supported financial enterprises into nonprofit government agencies, then slowly break them up and sell them or kill them.

Charge banking entities having more than $960 million in deposits or 0.19 percent of national deposits an additional $22 of deposit insurance per year, per each $1000 in balances, counting all entities with their parent entities.

Strengthen SEC disclosure rules and enforcement.

Implement some of the prescriptions here.

Permit bankruptcy courts to alter home mortgage terms. Prohibit mortgage lenders from repackaging loans. Eliminate FHA housing insurance.

Require publicly traded entities having assets greater than $11 million or gross receipts greater than $15 million per year to make their tax returns public.

Require high school and vocational school students to receive at least 20 hours of morally risk-neutral personal finance education and require high schools to provide such.

Prohibit non-mortgage and non-business loans exceeding $11,000 to individuals under age 23. 

Prohibit loans exceeding $4,000 for pleasure watercraft.

Prohibit financial bailouts of corporations not getting equivalent or greater market rate equity in return. Unwind bankrupt financial entities with no compensation given to equity owners. Unwind too big to fail businesses. Prevent investment banks from having limited liability protections. Prohibit the federal government from suing states and local governments to protect predatory financial entities.

Prohibit U.S. banks from doing business with shell banks or businesses involved in money laundering. Enact sanctions on nations cavalier about banks doing business with shell banks or businesses heavily into money laundering.

Support international efforts to reduce money-laundering, tax evasion, and rogue banking. (Rich criminals say it would violate their right to privacy. Too bad. Their right to criminal privacy is outweighed by the rights of others to protection from crime and by the benefit created by preventing parasites from profiting. Almost no one complains that the government has access to the financial records of ordinary wage earners, individuals who cannot afford battalions of lawyers to defend themselves. Yet financial criminals expect that they should get special privileges to do harm.)

Repeal the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act, Gramm-Leach-Bliley Act, Commodity Futures Modernization Act, and legal elements of the National Home Ownership Strategy. Prohibit entities that participate in offshore futures trading from importing into the U.S.

Require states, Washington DC, and territories having populations greater than 40,000 to appoint mortgage regulators.

Ban government contracting with inverted corporations, including when it conflicts with trade agreements. Ban federal contracts with entities that require employees to sign contracts requiring legal conflicts be resolved through arbitration.

Adopt the EU credit card and debit card caps on interchange fees.

Require credit card entities to give customers at least 23 days to make a payment before adding late fees. Ban credit cards offering more than $28,000 in credit.

Prohibit credit issuing entities from charging interest exceeding the inflation rate plus five percentage points. 

Pass H.R. 3221, banning federal contracting with companies engaging in fraudulent practices.

Increase funding for and the number of investigators at the Financial Crimes Enforcement Network by at least 60 percent.

Pass most of these anti-money laundering proposals.

Ban naked short selling. 

Ban securitization, also known as pooling and selling loans, except in specific cases ordered by bankruptcy judges or Congressional majorities.

Require banking entities to publicly list all assets and liabilities.

Pass a law permitting the treasury secretary to implement efficient, thorough capital controls to slash the trade deficit when the harms from trade deficits become excessive.

Pressure giant banks to break up per Dean Baker: "banks would be given sliding targets, say an asset cap of $1 trillion in three years, $600 billion in five years, and $200 billion in ten years. They would face large and growing fines on the amount of assets they held in excess of these caps... after three years they could face a penalty of 1 cent for every dollar in assets they held in excess of $1 trillion. This means that if JP Morgan still has a level of assets near its $1.6 trillion current level after the first deadline it would pay $6 billion a year in penalties. The penalty could rise to 1.5 cents on the dollars for assets over $1 trillion at the point where the $600 billion ceiling took effect. In that case, they would be paying a penalty of 1.5 cents on their assets above $1 trillion and 1 cent on their assets between $600 billion and $1 trillion."

Require annual remuneration above nine times median annual family income at any publicly traded corporation to be severely restricted stock, with only five percent transferable per year.

Ban FDIC, SIPC, and NCUA insurances for foreign entities and foreign owned US entities.

William Greider: "Restore the boundaries between commercial banking and investment banking... [a]ssign the Federal Reserve's regulatory role to a new public agency that is visible and politically accountable." Prohibit all proprietary trading by all commercial banks and credit unions.

Robert Reich: "Credit-rating agencies should no longer be paid by the companies whose issues are being rated; they should be paid by those who use their ratings... investors like pension funds and mutual funds should not be getting investment advice from the same banks that profit off their investments; the advice should come from sources without a financial stake... investment banks [must] return to being partnerships and the capital on their books be their own, not yours or your pension fund's."

Prohibit individuals convicted of financial crimes from working in  financial industries again. Prohibit executives from bailed out financial businesses from working in financial industries again.

Regulate derivatives at least as strongly as stocks. Prohibit government insured entities from buying and selling derivatives. Prohibit government entities from bailing out derivative trading and holding entities.

Prohibit for-profit loan originators from providing insurance for such loans.

Ban loan making entities from giving loans to their managers and or employees earning more than the median household income per year.

Ban entities receiving government loans, bailouts, and or tax entitlements from giving bonuses.

Ban the creation and sale of new credit default swaps, collateralized debt obligations, and other mortgage-backed securities. Prohibit entities with more than $400 million in assets or deposits from owning existing mortgage-backed securities.

Ban dark pools.

Prohibit entities failing to pay Finra ordered arbitration awards from financial industry activities, including through relatives and other intermediaries, except savings accounts.

Create a new Pecora Commission to investigate and prosecute high-cost financial crimes. Ban leveraged buyouts. Strictly regulate futures contracts in industries where cartels, monopolies, or oligopolies exist.

Pass the Ending Too Big to Jail Act and Corporate Executive Accountability Act.

Pass the Nondebtor Release Prohibition Act of 2021.

Prohibit banks and government entities from lending to other entities for those other entities purposes of investing in bonds, futures, equities, and or derivatives.

Treat corporate board members as corporate employees for regulatory purposes.

Willem Buiter: "Regulate all systemically important highly leveraged financial enterprises, whatever they call themselves: commercial bank, investment bank, universal bank, hedge fund, SIV, CDO, private equity fund or bicycle repair shop... all systemically important financial infrastructure or plumbing: payment, clearing, settlement systems, mechanisms and platforms, and the associated provision of custodial services... on a cross-border basis. Anything that is not explicitly allowed is forbidden. To get a new instrument or new institution approved, there will have to be testing, scrutiny by regulators... and other... parties, and pilot projects... once a new instrument or institution has been approved, it is only available ‘with a prescription'. For instance, only professional counter-parties rather than the general public could be permitted."

Prohibit credit and debit card providers, along with payment services, from collecting personal information beyond defaults, incomes, addresses, bankruptcies, phone numbers, credit scores, contact emails, late payments, missed payments, and criminal convictions.

Prohibit the issuance of any home mortgage having monthly payments larger than 28 percent of a buyer's mean monthly gross income.

Permit the elected Central Bank chairperson to make Central Bank appointments and firings with Central Bank inspector general approval. Require the Central Bank to have an independent inspector general. Prohibit current and or former financial industry executives from having regulatory and or supervisory positions at the central bank. Require the Central Bank to reveal information about all loans it makes. Provide for the impeachment of the Central Bank chairperson by 65 percent Congressional vote.

Let bankruptcy judges decide which parties should be paid and how much when distributing bankruptcy assets.

Prohibit government insured entities from paying any individual more than six times the median annual household income in all forms of annual remuneration.

Prohibit government entities from making secret grants, loans, gifts, and remuneration, except for well-reasoned intelligence agency and Department of Defense activities. Require reporting of spending on such activities to relevant inspectors general and other relevant oversight entities.

Prohibit federally insured financial entities from making or selling any financial instruments other than loans and their own stocks.

Ban anyone from being an executive and or board member at more than one government insured business at the same time.

Require deferral of at least 60 percent of  top executives' remuneration for at least 9 years, paying relevant corporate criminal fines and or health, labor, safety, financial or environmental civil judgments from the deferred pay when such wrongful activities occurred during the executives' tenures in charge, except when the executives exhibited swiftness in stopping ongoing wrongful activities during their first 60 days in charge.

Prohibit government loans lasting longer than 60 days to financial entities.

Eliminate waivers for fraud and abuse.

Prohibit financial industry loans for weddings, vacations, honeymoons, pleasure boats, and racing motor vehicles.

Improve the Sherman Act, including eliminating the maximum penalty rule.

Prohibit judges from applying less stringent foreign financial laws.

Cancel tax treaties with countries that do not provide tax query information. Prohibit US banks from doing business with entities in countries that aid tax evasion by US citizens.

Eliminate the Enron loophole and other rules exempting trading from regulations.

Require credit scores in free credit reports.

Repeal the misnamed JOBS Act.

Ban mergers and acquisitions at any business receiving bailouts or tax entitlements. Ban government bailouts of any business exceeding the trading value of the business without government taking 100 percent ownership, then reselling later or running as government-owned, privately run. Ban any entity receiving government bailouts or tax entitlements from paying any employee more than five times the median annual household income per year in all forms of annual remuneration, except physicians in non-executive positions. 

Pass the Specter Amendment altering the Exchange Act, allowing anti-fraud actions against enablers of fraud.

Require creditors to resell foreclosed houses within 60 days of foreclosures to individuals using the homes as their primary residences. Fine creditors $240 per day each day after 60 the homes remain unsold.

Ban trusts and pension instruments from investing in foreign debts. Ban US government entities from insuring and or bailing out foreign businesses, multinational businesses, and foreign government debts.

Ban any bailouts or government insurances for corporations currently or previously holding or trading crypto fake currencies. Ban any bailouts or government insurances for financial entities currently or previously providing or withholding financial services from citizens based on the political beliefs of such citizens, reducing the likelihood of corruption resulting from politicians and businesses tacitly trading government money for political partisanship.

Ban any individual and or business having majority ownership of a business filing for bankruptcy from having majority ownership of any other business forever.

Ban any chief decision maker of a business filing for bankruptcy from being chief decision maker for any other business forever.

Ban any individual applying for personal bankruptcy from being chief decision maker for any business forever.

Ban any individual applying for personal bankruptcy from being majority owner of any business forever.

Eliminate Federal agency policy statements that contradict antitrust laws.

Prohibit donations to charities affiliated with current or former Federal elected officials or political appointees and or military officers above O-4 by corporations, foreign entities, and multinational entities.

Make lifetime hard labor the recommended sentence for control fraud exceeding $240,000. Fine those convicted of identity theft tax fraud $200,000 plus any fraudulently obtained funds.

Ban all forms of credit risk insurance for corporations.

Ban endowments and pension funds from investing in private-equity. Ban pension funds from investing in foreign and multinational entities. Ban individuals handling pension investments from earning more than twice the median annual household income per year. Ban government entities from pre-funding government worker pensions. Ban labor unions from having investments, except credit union savings and checking accounts, plus real estate they perform union work from. Require labor union donations to political entities be approved buy a majority of union members.

Make recusals for financial and or relationship conflicts of interest mandatory for judges and investigators, enforced by an independent Federal entity.

Require executives of foreign companies traded in the United States to follow domestic disclosure rules.

Prohibit executives and board members from selling their stocks in their corporations until at least 1,500 days after leaving their corporations.

Require most banks and credit unions to provide FedNow services to their financial law abiding US citizen customers having sufficient funds in their accounts and accurate identification.

Increase the Department of Justice's antitrust division enforcement employment by at least 960 individuals, along with an adequate budget. Increase the FTC budget and employment by at least 350 percent.

Enact most of these banking reforms.

Prohibit anyone ever employed in the software, advertising, financial, lobbying or multi-level marketing industries from serving as legally binding arbitrators.

Per Matt Stoller, revoke some executive orders concerning the Office of Information and Regulatory Affairs.

Savvy Emailer: "Make it illegal for financial institutions to transact off balance sheet."

Prohibit former government employed lawyers from working for firms representing financial crime defendants.

Require all financial entities operating in the United States to follow regulations at least as strict as US regulations everywhere in the world they undertake financial transactions, including non-parent businesses. Require such entities to permit US regulators to access and evaluate their trading information.

Require corporations to incorporate with the federal government. Nullify state incorporations.

Require parent entities to have civil and criminal liability for crimes and harms committed by shell companies.

Prohibit anything from taking out a life insurance policy on an individual without that individual's knowledge. Prohibit corporations from taking out life insurance policies on individuals unless those individuals' first degree relatives are the main beneficiaries.

Hand Central Bank and Office of the Comptroller of the Currency regulatory duties to the FDIC and other government entities. Increase regulatory funding and regulator employment. Eliminate the Office of the Comptroller of the Currency.

Place a $440,000 cap on executive lawsuits against companies.

Prohibit current or former executives at for-profit banks and or private equity firms from being employed by the Central Bank. Prohibit former Central Bank employees from working for for-profit banks and or private equity firms.

Require selection of board members for publicly traded companies by shareholders in proportion to shares held, excluding shareholders with shares below a federally mandated level. Ban the top two executives from voting. Require a re-election of top executives at publicly traded companies by board members any time a majority of board members request such.

Ban anyone having a remuneration receiving position with a for-profit financial company from concurrently working for any government regulating entity.

Ban judges and federal elected officials, along with their spouses and first degree relatives, from owning income earning financial instruments, except checking accounts and savings accounts and their residential real estate.

Amend laws to not include maximum punishments for financial crimes causing greater than $200,000 in harms.

Pass HR 5912, prohibiting the industrial loan company loophole.

Ban payment for order flow.

Pass the Securities and Exchange Commission Real Estate Leasing Authority Revocation Act.

Ban rent-to-own and similar schemes.

Prohibit any board director at any publicly traded corporation that filed for bankruptcy during their tenure from serving on any board at any publicly traded corporation again.

Require foreign and multinational entities operating in the United States to obey US financial regulations everywhere they operate, including laws not currently enforced.

Enact these antitrust reforms.

Permit states to establish public banks or credit unions roughly modeled on the Bank of North Dakota, to maximize beneficence to citizens.

Ban capital appreciation bonds.

Bill Black: hire 1,000 more FBI white collar crime agents. Have them focus on major financial crimes, not nickel and dime crimes.

Require punishments for white collar repeat convictions to be greater than previous punishments for similar crimes.

Ban any government entity from obtaining and paying any financial instrument with interest rates greater than four nominal points above the inflation rate.

Ban government sponsored and or appointed entities from giving secret loans, grants, bailouts, and redistributions, except for Department of Defense research and development, along with other military activities during US declared wars.

Require appointment of Central Bank inspectors general by Congress. Require appointment of bank examiners by the head of the Central Bank, making bank examiners federal employees.

Implement some of Overcoming Short-termism.

Require mergers and or acquisitions to honor the debts and pension obligations of both entities. Require Antitrust Division and House majority approvals for national or regional mergers and or acquisitions creating Herfindahl Indexes greater than 0.19 and or increases in Herfindahl Indexes by greater than 0.01. 

Require the largest competitor having a book value greater than $40 million in a national or regional market having a Herfindahl Index greater than 0.19 to break up unless receiving permission from the Antitrust Division and a House majority to operate at a Herfindahl index above 0.19. Continue breaking up the next largest competitors until the Herfindahl Index drops below 0.19. Require competitors permitted to operate at an index greater than 0.19 to meet some well-reasoned requirements of public utilities.

Ban any entity seeking bankruptcy protection from giving renumeration to any individual employee and or contractor, except physicians, exceeding $160 thousand per annum from the time of filing.

Ban private entities from making appointments to government oversight and law enforcement entities.

Eliminate the carried interest loophole.

Ban any contract requiring individuals to waive fiduciary and or other ethical duties.

Repeal the misnamed Economic Growth, Regulatory Relief, and Consumer Protection Act.

Pass the 21st Century Glass-Steagall Act and the 21st Century Antitrust Act.

Ban all loan making corporations and government entities from giving weight to religious and or ethnoracial considerations in making loans.

Pass the Accountable Capitalism Act.

Prohibit dividends to managers during the first four years following a buyout.

Prohibit government contracts with foreign and or multinational entities having convictions anywhere exceeding five days incarceration and or $25,000 in fines.

Ban anyone, who received remuneration greater than twice the median annual household income in any year from sports, defense, finance, media, telecom, gaming, insurance, tobacco, lobbying, auditing, pharmaceutical, fossil fuel or real estate businesses, from government jobs paying more per year than the median annual household income, except in medical fields.

Implement most of these auditing reforms.

Ban for profit pharmacy benefit managers.

Ban investment advisers from advising entities to invest in private equity. Require all entities with private equity like structures to be regulated at least as strictly as investment banks.

Amend laws prohibiting government co-owners of businesses from having voting power to give government voting power in proportion to ownership percentages.

Ban current and former financial industry executives from financial regulatory positions. Prohibit legal credentials holding employees of the Federal Trade Commission and the DOJ Antitrust Division from owning income earning financial instruments, except checking accounts and savings accounts and their residential real estate.

Ban any individual who accepted more than $2,000 for any speaking engagement from elected public offices and political appointments.

Prohibit any for-profit entity owned by other entities from receiving loans from those owning entities.

Require Congressional majority approval of Central Bank emergency lending exceeding 1.5 billion dollars.

Ban the ownership of older than four-year-old single and twin unit housing by for profit corporations, except FDIC insured banks.

Prohibit government entities from contracting with entities owned by private equity firms.

Pass the IRS Whistleblower Program Improvement Act of 2021.

Ban ownership of older than 20-year-old multi-unit housing by out of state corporations.

Grant the Commodity Futures Trading Commission request for a 13 percent increase in funding. Strike Footnote 563 from the July 26th, 2013 CFTC guidance and policy statement.

Enact some policies here.

Ban new non-recourse loans that exceed $2.5 million to individuals and to businesses having any executive receiving more than $2.6 million per year in all remuneration. Ban businesses owing money on loans greater than $4.2 million from increasing executive remuneration at rates greater than the inflation rate.

Ban regulators and other law enforcement entities from offering plea bargain fines and other settlements for less than 150 percent of financial harms caused.

Repeal the Community Reinvestment Act.

Prohibit non-individual pension funds from investing in financial instruments other than domestic index funds, US Federal bonds, and domestic savings accounts.

Pass the Credit Card Competition Act of 2022.

Prohibit the hiring of regulators, who previously received remuneration from entities subject to regulation by the would-be regulators, except for teaching how to catch crooked tricks roles.

Prohibit current and former regulators from receiving remuneration from entities regulated by the current and former regulators' government agencies.

Prohibit any entity having more than 1.5 percent foreign ownership from receiving US tax entitlements. Prohibit any entity having more than 1.5 percent foreign ownership from receiving bailouts from US government entities.

Prohibit current and former pension fund managers from receiving gifts or remuneration from financial entities other than their managed pension funds, plus their savings and checking accounts, the same for union managers.

Repeal the misnamed Pension Protection Act and Section 209 of the National Securities Markets Improvement Act of 1996.

Prohibit states from having weaker financial regulations than federal financial regulations. Permit states to have stricter financial regulations than federal financial regulations.

Require government law enforcement entities to hire, employ, and pay public corporation auditors, perform the audits, then require the corporations audited to reimburse government entities for auditing costs.

Prohibit 401(k) accounts from investing, except in index funds, savings accounts, and the highest grade bonds.

Amend laws specifying maximum fines for financial crimes to have no maximum.

Create claw back laws and rules for every industry having executives capable of financial crimes.

Implement Francine McKenna's auditing reforms.

Require all foreign and multinational corporations selling financial instruments in the United States to comply with US auditing rules.

Ban stock options for executives paid more than four times the median household income.

Prohibit financial regulators fired for failing to regulate according to laws from future government employment and from receiving gifts and or any form of remuneration from financial industry entities.

Prohibit current and former financial regulators from receiving gifts and or any form of remuneration from financial industry entities.

Repeal Rule 10b-18. Prohibit open-market stock buybacks.

Prohibit special purpose acquisition companies.

Require at least 10.5 percent down payments on home, auto, and or business loans exceeding $24,000.

Ban central bank employees earning more than the median annual household income per year from owning income earning financial instruments other than checking accounts, savings accounts, and their residential real estate.

Prohibit any partner, sole owner, majority owner or top executive of any business that filed for bankruptcy from being a partner, sole owner or top executive of a corporation.

Prohibit any non-federal product from being labeled as currency.

Ban anonymously owned businesses from financial transactions with US entities.

Prohibit businesses from making loans to employees and contractors, including Form 1099 recipients.

Ban private equity entities from buying existing businesses, nonprofits, and residential properties.

Pass the ENABLERS Act, requiring broader reporting of international money laundering. Pass S.3316, a bill to help anti-money laundering whistleblowers. Expand whistleblowing protections and awards to cover all government entities involved in financial regulations.

Require financial criminal laws to require a preponderance of evidence of intent rather than proof beyond a reasonable doubt, including intent to be negligent.

Promote interagency sharing of probable financial crime information.

Enact more anti-money laundering policies.

Increase the cap on the Commodities Futures Trading Commission's whistleblower fund.

Prohibit any producer or wholesaler from giving rebates to retailers and retail purchasing employees.

Require stress tests to check for low probability, high harm outcomes.

Freeze assets of nations or their citizens when those nations refuse to extradite individuals likely guilty of US financial crimes exceeding $600,000 in harms.

Prohibit the transfer of assets from US entities to tax haven entities, including through middlemen.

Prohibit entities registered in tax havens from conducting business activities with US entities.

Pass the State Antitrust Enforcement Venue Act.

Ban the central bank from buying stocks and bonds, except from manufacturing companies having all employees working in the United States.

Pass a federal law against perpetuities.

Seize up to four times the financial harms done available assets from non-arrestable, non-extraditable individuals having US financial crime arrest warrants or unpaid US civil judgments or unpaid US civil settlements.

Ban the FDIC and NCUA from insuring anything other than customer savings and checking accounts of US dollars.

Increase the maximum FDIC insurance for banking to 900 million dollars at a new basic services US Postal Bank and or new basic services Central Bank, adhering to the economic and regulatory prescriptions on this blog at a minimum. Prohibit bailing out depositors' deposits above $250,000, failing to take advantage of these new banks or methods of dispersing deposits.

Create strict mandatory minimum punishments for risk reckless bank owners and employees. Prohibit entities that engage in lobbying from participation in government insurance programs.

Pass the Merger Filing Fee Modernization Act.

Amend the Uniform Securities Act to remove civil liability exemptions for relevant accessory actors.

Prohibit states and local governments from borrowing money using financial instruments having interest rates above the inflation rate. Prohibit states and local governments from paying any financial instrument fees, except outstanding balances and inflation rate interest.

Ban limited liability protections for lobbying and private equity firms.

Ban limited liability protections for non-manufacturing corporations having market caps greater than 22 billion dollars, defining manufacturing to include non-fossil fuel energy companies but exclude companies having more than four percent of their sales and or profits from media and or software.

Do not require evidence of motives and or cooperation for antitrust and other financial crime convictions.

Prohibit banks and credit unions from seizing funds in accounts they declare dormant.

Ban individuals having net worths under two times the median annual household income from buying stocks and bonds, except index funds.

Ban the sale and transfer of unregulated securities.

Pass the Safe Access to Cash Act of 2022.

Pass the Ocean Shipping Reform Act of 2021 and the Investor Choice Act of 2021.

Give state and local governments $6.50 per citizen, per year exclusively for state and local government initiated antitrust and other anti-financial crime legal actions against corporations having book values greater than $20 million. Legalize antitrust lawsuits by local governments.

Repeal laws and parts of laws aiding kickbacks, monopolies, oligopolies, and or parasitic middlemen.

Experiment with Iowa's title guarantee program nationwide, banning commercial title insurance.

Ban so-called opportunity zones.

Charles Calamaris and Henry Kaufman: prohibit "hold-till-maturity book value accounting for securities." Prohibit central banks from valuing collateral at inflated values. Use SRISK measures in regulations.

Require banks and credit unions having greater than $90 million in assets and or liabilities to issue public, bimonthly reports listing assets and liabilities.

Pass the Failed Bank Executives Clawback Act.

On this website, entity shall be defined as any person or group or organization.

Mark Flannery and Enrico Perotti: require banks to have market triggered contingent convertible bond buffers "at high threshold values to maintain risk incentives even when leverage increases, thus helping to overcome the risk of regulatory delay."

JT Fournier, last updated December 26, 2023

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